package Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS; # vim:foldmethod=marker use strict; use warnings; use 5.014; use utf8; use Carp qw(confess); use DateTime; use DateTime::Format::Strptime; use Digest::MD5 qw(md5_hex); use Encode qw(decode encode); use JSON; use LWP::UserAgent; use Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::Connection; use Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::Location; use Travel::Status::DE::HAFAS::Message; our $VERSION = '0.00'; # {{{ Endpoint Definition my %hafas_instance = ( DB => { mgate => 'https://reiseauskunft.bahn.de/bin/mgate.exe', name => 'Deutsche Bahn', productbits => [qw[ice ic_ec d regio s bus ferry u tram ondemand]], salt => 'bdI8UVj4' . '0K5fvxwf', languages => [qw[de en fr es]], request => { client => { id => 'DB', v => '20100000', type => 'IPH', name => 'DB Navigator', }, ext => 'DB.R21.12.a', ver => '1.15', auth => { type => 'AID', aid => 'n91dB8Z77' . 'MLdoR0K' }, }, }, NAHSH => { mgate => 'https://nah.sh.hafas.de/bin/mgate.exe', name => 'Nahverkehrsverbund Schleswig-Holstein', productbits => [qw[ice ice ice regio s bus ferry u tram ondemand]], request => { client => { id => 'NAHSH', v => '3000700', type => 'IPH', name => 'NAHSHPROD', }, ver => '1.16', auth => { type => 'AID', aid => 'r0Ot9FLF' . 'NAFxijLW' }, }, }, NASA => { mgate => 'https://reiseauskunft.insa.de/bin/mgate.exe', name => 'Nahverkehrsservice Sachsen-Anhalt', productbits => [qw[ice ice regio regio regio tram bus ondemand]], languages => [qw[de en]], request => { client => { id => 'NASA', v => '4000200', type => 'IPH', name => 'nasaPROD', os => 'iPhone OS 13.1.2', }, ver => '1.18', auth => { type => 'AID', aid => 'nasa-' . 'apps', }, lang => 'deu', }, }, NVV => { mgate => 'https://auskunft.nvv.de/auskunft/bin/app/mgate.exe', name => 'Nordhessischer VerkehrsVerbund', productbits => [qw[ice ic_ec regio s u tram bus bus ferry ondemand regio regio]], request => { client => { id => 'NVV', v => '5000300', type => 'IPH', name => 'NVVMobilPROD_APPSTORE', os => 'iOS 13.1.2', }, ext => 'NVV.6.0', ver => '1.18', auth => { type => 'AID', aid => 'Kt8eNOH7' . 'qjVeSxNA', }, lang => 'deu', }, }, 'ÖBB' => { mgate => 'https://fahrplan.oebb.at/bin/mgate.exe', name => 'Österreichische Bundesbahnen', productbits => [qw[ice ice ice regio regio s bus ferry u tram ice ondemand ice]], request => { client => { id => 'OEBB', v => '6030600', type => 'IPH', name => 'oebbPROD-ADHOC', }, ver => '1.41', auth => { type => 'AID', aid => 'OWDL4fE4' . 'ixNiPBBm', }, lang => 'deu', }, }, VBB => { mgate => 'https://fahrinfo.vbb.de/bin/mgate.exe', name => 'Verkehrsverbund Berlin-Brandenburg', productbits => [qw[s u tram bus ferry ice regio]], languages => [qw[de en]], request => { client => { id => 'VBB', type => 'WEB', name => 'VBB WebApp', l => 'vs_webapp_vbb', }, ext => 'VBB.1', ver => '1.33', auth => { type => 'AID', aid => 'hafas-vb' . 'b-webapp', }, lang => 'deu', }, }, VBN => { mgate => 'https://fahrplaner.vbn.de/bin/mgate.exe', name => 'Verkehrsverbund Bremen/Niedersachsen', productbits => [qw[ice ice regio regio s bus ferry u tram ondemand]], salt => 'SP31mBu' . 'fSyCLmNxp', micmac => 1, languages => [qw[de en]], request => { client => { id => 'VBN', v => '6000000', type => 'IPH', name => 'vbn', }, ver => '1.42', auth => { type => 'AID', aid => 'kaoxIXLn' . '03zCr2KR', }, lang => 'deu', }, }, ); # }}} # {{{ Constructors sub new { my ( $obj, %conf ) = @_; my $service = $conf{service}; my $ua = $conf{user_agent}; if ( not $ua ) { my %lwp_options = %{ $conf{lwp_options} // { timeout => 10 } }; $ua = LWP::UserAgent->new(%lwp_options); $ua->env_proxy; } if ( not( $conf{from_stop} and $conf{to_stop} ) ) { confess('from_stop and to_stop must be specified'); } if ( not defined $service ) { $service = $conf{service} = 'DB'; } if ( defined $service and not exists $hafas_instance{$service} ) { confess("The service '$service' is not supported"); } my $now = DateTime->now( time_zone => 'Europe/Berlin' ); my $self = { active_service => $service, cache => $conf{cache}, developer_mode => $conf{developer_mode}, exclusive_mots => $conf{exclusive_mots}, excluded_mots => $conf{excluded_mots}, messages => [], results => [], from_stop => $conf{from_stop}, to_stop => $conf{to_stop}, ua => $ua, now => $now, }; bless( $self, $obj ); my $req; my $date = ( $conf{datetime} // $now )->strftime('%Y%m%d'); my $time = ( $conf{datetime} // $now )->strftime('%H%M%S'); my ( $from_lid, $to_lid ); if ( $self->{from_stop} =~ m{ ^ [0-9]+ $ }x ) { $from_lid = 'A=1@L=' . $self->{from_stop} . '@'; } else { $from_lid = 'A=1@O=' . $self->{from_stop} . '@'; } if ( $self->{to_stop} =~ m{ ^ [0-9]+ $ }x ) { $to_lid = 'A=1@L=' . $self->{to_stop} . '@'; } else { $to_lid = 'A=1@O=' . $self->{to_stop} . '@'; } $req = { svcReqL => [ { meth => 'TripSearch', req => { depLocL => [ { lid => $from_lid } ], arrLocL => [ { lid => $to_lid } ], numF => 6, maxChg => undef, minChgTime => undef, outFrwd => undef, viaLocL => undef, trfReq => { cType => 'PK', tvlrProf => [ { type => 'E' } ], }, outDate => $date, outTime => $time, jnyFltrL => [ { type => "PROD", mode => "INC", value => $self->mot_mask } ] }, }, ], %{ $hafas_instance{$service}{request} } }; if ( $conf{language} ) { $req->{lang} = $conf{language}; } $self->{strptime_obj} //= DateTime::Format::Strptime->new( pattern => '%Y%m%dT%H%M%S', time_zone => 'Europe/Berlin', ); my $json = $self->{json} = JSON->new->utf8; # The JSON request is the cache key, so if we have a cache we must ensure # that JSON serialization is deterministic. if ( $self->{cache} ) { $json->canonical; } $req = $json->encode($req); $self->{post} = $req; my $url = $conf{url} // $hafas_instance{$service}{mgate}; if ( my $salt = $hafas_instance{$service}{salt} ) { if ( $hafas_instance{$service}{micmac} ) { my $mic = md5_hex( $self->{post} ); my $mac = md5_hex( $mic . $salt ); $url .= "?mic=$mic&mac=$mac"; } else { $url .= '?checksum=' . md5_hex( $self->{post} . $salt ); } } if ( $conf{async} ) { $self->{url} = $url; return $self; } if ( $conf{json} ) { $self->{raw_json} = $conf{json}; } else { if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say "requesting $req from $url"; } my ( $content, $error ) = $self->post_with_cache($url); if ($error) { $self->{errstr} = $error; return $self; } if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say decode( 'utf-8', $content ); } $self->{raw_json} = $json->decode($content); } $self->check_mgate; $self->parse_trips; return $self; } sub new_p { my ( $obj, %conf ) = @_; my $promise = $conf{promise}->new; if ( not( $conf{from_stop} and $conf{to_stop} ) ) { confess('from_stop and to_stop must be specified'); return $promise->reject('from_stop and to_stop must be specified'); } my $self = $obj->new( %conf, async => 1 ); $self->{promise} = $conf{promise}; $self->post_with_cache_p( $self->{url} )->then( sub { my ($content) = @_; $self->{raw_json} = $self->{json}->decode($content); $self->check_mgate; $self->parse_trips; if ( $self->errstr ) { $promise->reject( $self->errstr, $self ); } else { $promise->resolve($self); } return; } )->catch( sub { my ($err) = @_; $promise->reject($err); return; } )->wait; return $promise; } # }}} # {{{ Internal Helpers sub mot_mask { my ($self) = @_; my $service = $self->{active_service}; my $mot_mask = 2**@{ $hafas_instance{$service}{productbits} } - 1; my %mot_pos; for my $i ( 0 .. $#{ $hafas_instance{$service}{productbits} } ) { $mot_pos{ $hafas_instance{$service}{productbits}[$i] } = $i; } if ( my @mots = @{ $self->{exclusive_mots} // [] } ) { $mot_mask = 0; for my $mot (@mots) { $mot_mask |= 1 << $mot_pos{$mot}; } } if ( my @mots = @{ $self->{excluded_mots} // [] } ) { for my $mot (@mots) { $mot_mask &= ~( 1 << $mot_pos{$mot} ); } } return $mot_mask; } sub post_with_cache { my ( $self, $url ) = @_; my $cache = $self->{cache}; if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say "POST $url"; } if ($cache) { my $content = $cache->thaw( $self->{post} ); if ($content) { if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say ' cache hit'; } return ( ${$content}, undef ); } } if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say ' cache miss'; } my $reply = $self->{ua}->post( $url, 'Content-Type' => 'application/json', Content => $self->{post} ); if ( $reply->is_error ) { return ( undef, $reply->status_line ); } my $content = $reply->content; if ($cache) { $cache->freeze( $self->{post}, \$content ); } return ( $content, undef ); } sub post_with_cache_p { my ( $self, $url ) = @_; my $cache = $self->{cache}; if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say "POST $url"; } my $promise = $self->{promise}->new; if ($cache) { my $content = $cache->thaw( $self->{post} ); if ($content) { if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say ' cache hit'; } return $promise->resolve( ${$content} ); } } if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) { say ' cache miss'; } $self->{ua}->post_p( $url, $self->{post} )->then( sub { my ($tx) = @_; if ( my $err = $tx->error ) { $promise->reject( "POST $url returned HTTP $err->{code} $err->{message}"); return; } my $content = $tx->res->body; if ($cache) { $cache->freeze( $self->{post}, \$content ); } $promise->resolve($content); return; } )->catch( sub { my ($err) = @_; $promise->reject($err); return; } )->wait; return $promise; } sub check_mgate { my ($self) = @_; if ( $self->{raw_json}{err} and $self->{raw_json}{err} ne 'OK' ) { $self->{errstr} = $self->{raw_json}{errTxt} // 'error code is ' . $self->{raw_json}{err}; $self->{errcode} = $self->{raw_json}{err}; } elsif ( defined $self->{raw_json}{cInfo}{code} and $self->{raw_json}{cInfo}{code} ne 'OK' and $self->{raw_json}{cInfo}{code} ne 'VH' ) { $self->{errstr} = 'cInfo code is ' . $self->{raw_json}{cInfo}{code}; $self->{errcode} = $self->{raw_json}{cInfo}{code}; } elsif ( @{ $self->{raw_json}{svcResL} // [] } == 0 ) { $self->{errstr} = 'svcResL is empty'; } elsif ( $self->{raw_json}{svcResL}[0]{err} ne 'OK' ) { $self->{errstr} = 'svcResL[0].err is ' . $self->{raw_json}{svcResL}[0]{err}; $self->{errcode} = $self->{raw_json}{svcResL}[0]{err}; } return $self; } sub parse_trips { my ($self) = @_; my @locL = map { Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::Location->new( loc => $_ ) } @{ $self->{raw_json}{svcResL}[0]{res}{common}{locL} // [] }; my @conL = @{ $self->{raw_json}{svcResL}[0]{res}{outConL} // [] }; for my $con (@conL) { push( @{ $self->{results} }, Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::Connection->new( common => $self->{raw_json}{svcResL}[0]{res}{common}, locL => \@locL, connection => $con, hafas => $self, ) ); } } sub add_message { my ( $self, $json, $is_him ) = @_; my $text = $json->{txtN}; my $code = $json->{code}; if ($is_him) { $text = $json->{text}; $code = $json->{hid}; } # Some backends use remL for operator information. We don't want that. if ( $code eq 'OPERATOR' ) { return; } for my $message ( @{ $self->{messages} } ) { if ( $code eq $message->{code} and $text eq $message->{text} ) { $message->{ref_count}++; return $message; } } my $message = Travel::Status::DE::HAFAS::Message->new( json => $json, ref_count => 1, ); push( @{ $self->{messages} }, $message ); return $message; } # }}} # {{{ Public Functions sub errcode { my ($self) = @_; return $self->{errcode}; } sub errstr { my ($self) = @_; return $self->{errstr}; } sub messages { my ($self) = @_; return @{ $self->{messages} }; } sub connections { my ($self) = @_; return @{ $self->{results} }; } # static sub get_services { my @services; for my $service ( sort keys %hafas_instance ) { my %desc = %{ $hafas_instance{$service} }; $desc{shortname} = $service; push( @services, \%desc ); } return @services; } # static sub get_service { my ($service) = @_; if ( defined $service and exists $hafas_instance{$service} ) { return $hafas_instance{$service}; } return; } sub get_active_service { my ($self) = @_; if ( defined $self->{active_service} ) { return $hafas_instance{ $self->{active_service} }; } return; } # }}} 1; __END__ =head1 NAME Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS - Interface to HAFAS itinerary services =head1 SYNOPSIS use Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS; my $hafas = Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS->new( from_stop => 'Eichlinghofen H-Bahn, Dortmund', to_stop => 'Gangelplatz, Düsseldorf', ); if (my $err = $hafas->errstr) { die("Request error: ${err}\n"); } for my $con ( $hafas->connections ) { for my $sec ($con->sections) { if ( $sec->type eq 'JNY' ) { printf("%s → %s\n%s ab %s\n%s an %s\n\n", $sec->name, $sec->direction, $sec->dep_datetime->strftime('%H:%M'), $sec->dep_loc->name, $sec->arr_datetime->strftime('%H:%M'), $sec->arr_loc->name, ); } } print "\n\n"; } =head1 VERSION version 0.01 =head1 DESCRIPTION Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS is an interface to HAFAS itinerary services using the mgate.exe interface. It works best with the legacy instance of Deutsche Bahn, but supports other transit services as well. =head1 METHODS =over =item $hafas = Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS->new(I<%opt>) Request connections as specified by I<%opt> and return a new Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS instance with the results. Dies if the wrong I<%opt> were passed. I<%opt> must contain B and B and supports the following additional flags: =over =item B => I (mandatory) Origin stop, e.g. "Essen HBf" or "Alfredusbad, Essen (Ruhr)". The stop must be specified either by name or by EVA ID (e.g. 8000080 for Dortmund Hbf). =item B => I (mandatory) Destination stop, e.g. "Essen HBf" or "Alfredusbad, Essen (Ruhr)". The stop must be specified either by name or by EVA ID (e.g. 8000080 for Dortmund Hbf). =item B => I Store HAFAS replies in the provided cache object. This module works with real-time data, so the object should be configured for an expiry of one to two minutes. =item B => I (station) Date and time for itinerary request. Defaults to now. =item B => [I, I, ...] (geoSearch, station) By default, all modes of transport (trains, trams, buses etc.) are considered. If this option is set, all modes appearing in I, I, ... will be excluded. The supported modes depend on B, use B or B to get the supported values. =item B => [I, I, ...] (geoSearch, station) If this option is set, only the modes of transport appearing in I, I, ... will be considered. The supported modes depend on B, use B or B to get the supported values. =item B => I Request text messages to be provided in I. Supported languages depend on B, use B or B to get the supported values. Providing an unsupported or invalid value may lead to garbage output. =item B => I<\%hashref> Passed on to C<< LWP::UserAgent->new >>. Defaults to C<< { timeout => 10 } >>, pass an empty hashref to call the LWP::UserAgent constructor without arguments. =item B => I Request results from I, defaults to "DB". See B (and C<< hafas-m --list >>) for a list of supported services. =back =item $hafas_p = Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS->new_p(I<%opt>) Return a promise that resolves into a Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS instance ($hafas) on success and rejects with an error message on failure. If the failure occured after receiving a response from the HAFAS backend, the rejected promise contains a Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS instance as a second argument. In addition to the arguments of B, the following mandatory arguments must be set. =over =item B => I Promises implementation to use for internal promises as well as B return value. Recommended: Mojo::Promise(3pm). =item B => I User agent instance to use for asynchronous requests. The object must implement a B function. Recommended: Mojo::UserAgent(3pm). =back =item $hafas->errcode In case of an error in the HAFAS backend, returns the corresponding error code as string. If no backend error occurred, returns undef. =item $hafas->errstr In case of an error in the HTTP request or HAFAS backend, returns a string describing it. If no error occurred, returns undef. =item $hafas->connections Returns a list of Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::Connection(3pm) objects, each of which describes a single connection from I to I. Returns a false value if no connections were found or the parser / http request failed. =item $hafas->messages Returns a list of Travel::Status::DE::HAFAS::Message(3pm) objects with service messages. Each message belongs to at least one connection, connection section, or stop along a section's journey. =item $hafas->get_active_service Returns a hashref describing the active service when a service is active and nothing otherwise. The hashref contains the keys B (URL to the station board service), and B (arrayref describing the supported modes of transport, may contain duplicates). =item Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::get_services() Returns an array containing all supported HAFAS services. Each element is a hashref and contains all keys mentioned in B. It also contains a B key, which is the service name used by the constructor's B parameter. =item Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::get_service(I<$service>) Returns a hashref describing the service I<$service>. Returns nothing if I<$service> is not supported. See B for the hashref layout. =back =head1 DIAGNOSTICS None. =head1 DEPENDENCIES =over =item * Class::Accessor(3pm) =item * DateTime(3pm) =item * DateTime::Format::Strptime(3pm) =item * LWP::UserAgent(3pm) =item * Travel::Status::DE::HAFAS::Message(3pm) =back =head1 BUGS AND LIMITATIONS The non-default services (anything other than DB) are not well tested. =head1 SEE ALSO Travel::Routing::DE::HAFAS::Connection(3pm) =head1 AUTHOR Copyright (C) 2023 by Birte Kristina Friesel Ederf@finalrewind.orgE =head1 LICENSE This module is licensed under the same terms as Perl itself.