/******************************************************************************* * Copyright (c) 2006 International Business Machines Corporation. * * All rights reserved. This program and the accompanying materials * * are made available under the terms of the Common Public License v1.0 * * which accompanies this distribution, and is available at * * http://www.opensource.org/licenses/cpl1.0.php * * * * Contributors: * * Douglas M. Pase - initial API and implementation * *******************************************************************************/ // // Configuration // // Implementation header #include "run.h" // System includes #include #include #include #include #include #if defined(NUMA) #include #endif // Local includes #include #include "timer.h" // // Implementation // static double max(double v1, double v2); static double min(double v1, double v2); typedef void (*benchmark)(const Chain**); typedef benchmark (*generator)(int64 chains_per_thread, int64 bytes_per_line, int64 bytes_per_chain, int64 stride, int64 loop_length, int32 prefetch_hint); static benchmark chase_pointers(int64 chains_per_thread, int64 bytes_per_line, int64 bytes_per_chain, int64 stride, int64 loop_length, int32 prefetch_hint); static benchmark follow_streams(int64 chains_per_thread, int64 bytes_per_line, int64 bytes_per_chain, int64 stride, int64 loop_length, int32 prefetch_hint); Lock Run::global_mutex; int64 Run::_ops_per_chain = 0; double Run::_seconds = 1E9; Run::Run() : exp(NULL), bp(NULL) { } Run::~Run() { } void Run::set(Experiment &e, SpinBarrier* sbp) { this->exp = &e; this->bp = sbp; } int Run::run() { // first allocate all memory for the chains, // making sure it is allocated within the // intended numa domains Chain** chain_memory = new Chain*[this->exp->chains_per_thread]; Chain** root = new Chain*[this->exp->chains_per_thread]; #if defined(NUMA) // establish the node id where this thread // will run. threads are mapped to nodes // by the set-up code for Experiment. int run_node_id = this->exp->thread_domain[this->thread_id()]; numa_run_on_node(run_node_id); // establish the node id where this thread's // memory will be allocated. for (int i=0; i < this->exp->chains_per_thread; i++) { int alloc_node_id = this->exp->chain_domain[this->thread_id()][i]; nodemask_t alloc_mask; nodemask_zero(&alloc_mask); nodemask_set(&alloc_mask, alloc_node_id); numa_set_membind(&alloc_mask); chain_memory[i] = new Chain[ this->exp->links_per_chain ]; } #else for (int i = 0; i < this->exp->chains_per_thread; i++) { chain_memory[i] = new Chain[this->exp->links_per_chain]; } #endif // initialize the chains and // select the function that // will generate the tests generator gen; for (int i = 0; i < this->exp->chains_per_thread; i++) { if (this->exp->access_pattern == Experiment::RANDOM) { root[i] = random_mem_init(chain_memory[i]); gen = chase_pointers; } else if (this->exp->access_pattern == Experiment::STRIDED) { if (0 < this->exp->stride) { root[i] = forward_mem_init(chain_memory[i]); } else { root[i] = reverse_mem_init(chain_memory[i]); } gen = chase_pointers; } else if (this->exp->access_pattern == Experiment::STREAM) { root[i] = stream_mem_init(chain_memory[i]); gen = follow_streams; } } // compile benchmark benchmark bench = gen(this->exp->chains_per_thread, this->exp->bytes_per_line, this->exp->bytes_per_chain, this->exp->stride, this->exp->loop_length, this->exp->prefetch_hint); // calculate the number of iterations if (this->exp->iterations <= 0) { volatile static double istart = 0; volatile static double istop = 0; volatile static double elapsed = 0; volatile static int64 iters = 1; volatile double bound = max(0.2, 10 * Timer::resolution()); for (iters = 1; elapsed <= bound; iters = iters << 1) { // barrier this->bp->barrier(); // start timer if (this->thread_id() == 0) { istart = Timer::seconds(); } this->bp->barrier(); // chase pointers for (int i = 0; i < iters; i++) bench((const Chain**) root); // barrier this->bp->barrier(); // stop timer if (this->thread_id() == 0) { istop = Timer::seconds(); elapsed = istop - istart; } this->bp->barrier(); } // calculate the number of iterations if (this->thread_id() == 0) { if (0 < this->exp->seconds) { this->exp->iterations = max(1, 0.9999 + 0.5 * this->exp->seconds * iters / elapsed); } else { this->exp->iterations = max(1, 0.9999 + iters / elapsed); } } this->bp->barrier(); } // run the experiments for (int e = 0; e < this->exp->experiments; e++) { // barrier this->bp->barrier(); // start timer double start = 0; if (this->thread_id() == 0) start = Timer::seconds(); this->bp->barrier(); // chase pointers for (int i = 0; i < this->exp->iterations; i++) bench((const Chain**) root); // barrier this->bp->barrier(); // stop timer double stop = 0; if (this->thread_id() == 0) stop = Timer::seconds(); this->bp->barrier(); if (0 <= e) { if (this->thread_id() == 0) { double delta = stop - start; if (0 < delta) { Run::_seconds = min(Run::_seconds, delta); } } } } this->bp->barrier(); // clean the memory for (int i = 0; i < this->exp->chains_per_thread; i++) { if (chain_memory[i] != NULL ) delete[] chain_memory[i]; } if (chain_memory != NULL ) delete[] chain_memory; return 0; } int dummy = 0; void Run::mem_check(Chain *m) { if (m == NULL ) dummy += 1; } static double max(double v1, double v2) { if (v1 < v2) return v2; return v1; } static double min(double v1, double v2) { if (v2 < v1) return v2; return v1; } // exclude 2 and Mersenne primes, i.e., // primes of the form 2**n - 1, e.g., // 3, 7, 31, 127 static const int prime_table[] = { 5, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, 37, 41, 43, 47, 53, 61, 71, 73, 79, 83, 89, 97, 101, 103, 109, 113, 131, 137, 139, 149, 151, 157, 163, }; static const int prime_table_size = sizeof prime_table / sizeof prime_table[0]; Chain* Run::random_mem_init(Chain *mem) { // initialize pointers -- // choose a page at random, then use // one pointer from each cache line // within the page. all pages and // cache lines are chosen at random. Chain* root = 0; Chain* prev = 0; int link_within_line = 0; int64 local_ops_per_chain = 0; // we must set a lock because random() // is not thread safe Run::global_mutex.lock(); setstate(this->exp->random_state[this->thread_id()]); int page_factor = prime_table[random() % prime_table_size]; int page_offset = random() % this->exp->pages_per_chain; Run::global_mutex.unlock(); // loop through the pages for (int i = 0; i < this->exp->pages_per_chain; i++) { int page = (page_factor * i + page_offset) % this->exp->pages_per_chain; Run::global_mutex.lock(); setstate(this->exp->random_state[this->thread_id()]); int line_factor = prime_table[random() % prime_table_size]; int line_offset = random() % this->exp->lines_per_page; Run::global_mutex.unlock(); // loop through the lines within a page for (int j = 0; j < this->exp->lines_per_page; j++) { int line_within_page = (line_factor * j + line_offset) % this->exp->lines_per_page; int link = page * this->exp->links_per_page + line_within_page * this->exp->links_per_line + link_within_line; if (root == 0) { // printf("root = %d(%d)[0x%x].\n", page, line_within_page, mem+link); prev = root = mem + link; local_ops_per_chain += 1; } else { // printf("0x%x = %d(%d)[0x%x].\n", prev, page, line_within_page, mem+link); prev->next = mem + link; prev = prev->next; local_ops_per_chain += 1; } } } prev->next = root; Run::global_mutex.lock(); Run::_ops_per_chain = local_ops_per_chain; Run::global_mutex.unlock(); return root; } Chain* Run::forward_mem_init(Chain *mem) { Chain* root = 0; Chain* prev = 0; int link_within_line = 0; int64 local_ops_per_chain = 0; for (int i = 0; i < this->exp->lines_per_chain; i += this->exp->stride) { int link = i * this->exp->links_per_line + link_within_line; if (root == NULL) { // printf("root = %d(%d)[0x%x].\n", page, line_within_page, mem+link); prev = root = mem + link; local_ops_per_chain += 1; } else { // printf("0x%x = %d(%d)[0x%x].\n", prev, page, line_within_page, mem+link); prev->next = mem + link; prev = prev->next; local_ops_per_chain += 1; } } prev->next = root; Run::global_mutex.lock(); Run::_ops_per_chain = local_ops_per_chain; Run::global_mutex.unlock(); return root; } Chain* Run::reverse_mem_init(Chain *mem) { Chain* root = 0; Chain* prev = 0; int link_within_line = 0; int64 local_ops_per_chain = 0; int stride = -this->exp->stride; int last; for (int i = 0; i < this->exp->lines_per_chain; i += stride) { last = i; } for (int i = last; 0 <= i; i -= stride) { int link = i * this->exp->links_per_line + link_within_line; if (root == 0) { // printf("root = %d(%d)[0x%x].\n", page, line_within_page, mem+link); prev = root = mem + link; local_ops_per_chain += 1; } else { // printf("0x%x = %d(%d)[0x%x].\n", prev, page, line_within_page, mem+link); prev->next = mem + link; prev = prev->next; local_ops_per_chain += 1; } } prev->next = root; Run::global_mutex.lock(); Run::_ops_per_chain = local_ops_per_chain; Run::global_mutex.unlock(); return root; } static benchmark chase_pointers(int64 chains_per_thread, // memory loading per thread int64 bytes_per_line, // ignored int64 bytes_per_chain, // ignored int64 stride, // ignored int64 loop_length, // length of the inner loop int32 prefetch_hint // use of prefetching ) { // Create Compiler. AsmJit::Compiler c; // Tell compiler the function prototype we want. It allocates variables representing // function arguments that can be accessed through Compiler or Function instance. c.newFunction(AsmJit::CALL_CONV_DEFAULT, AsmJit::FunctionBuilder1()); // Try to generate function without prolog/epilog code: c.getFunction()->setHint(AsmJit::FUNCTION_HINT_NAKED, true); // Create labels. AsmJit::Label L_Loop = c.newLabel(); // Function arguments. AsmJit::GPVar chain(c.argGP(0)); // Save the head std::vector heads(chains_per_thread); for (int i = 0; i < chains_per_thread; i++) { AsmJit::GPVar head = c.newGP(); c.mov(head, ptr(chain)); heads[i] = head; } // Current position std::vector positions(chains_per_thread); for (int i = 0; i < chains_per_thread; i++) { AsmJit::GPVar position = c.newGP(); c.mov(position, heads[0]); positions[i] = position; } // Loop. c.bind(L_Loop); // Process all links for (int i = 0; i < chains_per_thread; i++) { // Chase pointer c.mov(positions[i], ptr(positions[i], offsetof(Chain, next))); // Prefetch next switch (prefetch_hint) { case Experiment::T0: c.prefetch(ptr(positions[i]), AsmJit::PREFETCH_T0); break; case Experiment::T1: c.prefetch(ptr(positions[i]), AsmJit::PREFETCH_T1); break; case Experiment::T2: c.prefetch(ptr(positions[i]), AsmJit::PREFETCH_T2); break; case Experiment::NTA: c.prefetch(ptr(positions[i]), AsmJit::PREFETCH_NTA); break; case Experiment::NONE: default: break; } } // Wait for (int i = 0; i < loop_length; i++) c.nop(); // Test if end reached c.cmp(heads[0], positions[0]); c.jne(L_Loop); // Finish. c.endFunction(); // Make JIT function. benchmark fn = AsmJit::function_cast(c.make()); // Ensure that everything is ok. if (!fn) { printf("Error making jit function (%u).\n", c.getError()); return 0; } return fn; } // NOT WRITTEN YET -- DMP // JUST A PLACE HOLDER! Chain* Run::stream_mem_init(Chain *mem) { // fprintf(stderr, "made it into stream_mem_init.\n"); // fprintf(stderr, "chains_per_thread = %ld\n", this->exp->chains_per_thread); // fprintf(stderr, "iterations = %ld\n", this->exp->iterations); // fprintf(stderr, "bytes_per_chain = %ld\n", this->exp->bytes_per_chain); // fprintf(stderr, "stride = %ld\n", this->exp->stride); int64 local_ops_per_chain = 0; double* tmp = (double *) mem; int64 refs_per_line = this->exp->bytes_per_line / sizeof(double); int64 refs_per_chain = this->exp->bytes_per_chain / sizeof(double); // fprintf(stderr, "refs_per_chain = %ld\n", refs_per_chain); for (int64 i = 0; i < refs_per_chain; i += this->exp->stride * refs_per_line) { tmp[i] = 0; local_ops_per_chain += 1; } Run::global_mutex.lock(); Run::_ops_per_chain = local_ops_per_chain; Run::global_mutex.unlock(); // fprintf(stderr, "made it out of stream_mem_init.\n"); return mem; } static int64 summ_ck = 0; void sum_chk(double t) { if (t != 0) summ_ck += 1; } // NOT WRITTEN YET -- DMP // JUST A PLACE HOLDER! static benchmark follow_streams(int64 chains_per_thread, // memory loading per thread int64 bytes_per_line, // ignored int64 bytes_per_chain, // ignored int64 stride, // ignored int64 loop_length, // ignored int32 prefetch_hint // ignored ) { return 0; /* int64 refs_per_line = bytes_per_line / sizeof(double); int64 refs_per_chain = bytes_per_chain / sizeof(double); // chase pointers switch (chains_per_thread) { default: case 1: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 2: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 3: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 4: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 5: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 6: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 7: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 8: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 9: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 10: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; double* a9 = (double *) root[9]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j] + a9[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 11: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; double* a9 = (double *) root[9]; double* a10 = (double *) root[10]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j] + a9[j] + a10[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 12: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; double* a9 = (double *) root[9]; double* a10 = (double *) root[10]; double* a11 = (double *) root[11]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j] + a9[j] + a10[j] + a11[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 13: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; double* a9 = (double *) root[9]; double* a10 = (double *) root[10]; double* a11 = (double *) root[11]; double* a12 = (double *) root[12]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j] + a9[j] + a10[j] + a11[j] + a12[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 14: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; double* a9 = (double *) root[9]; double* a10 = (double *) root[10]; double* a11 = (double *) root[11]; double* a12 = (double *) root[12]; double* a13 = (double *) root[13]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j] + a9[j] + a10[j] + a11[j] + a12[j] + a13[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 15: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; double* a9 = (double *) root[9]; double* a10 = (double *) root[10]; double* a11 = (double *) root[11]; double* a12 = (double *) root[12]; double* a13 = (double *) root[13]; double* a14 = (double *) root[14]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j] + a9[j] + a10[j] + a11[j] + a12[j] + a13[j] + a14[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; case 16: for (int64 i = 0; i < iterations; i++) { double t = 0; double* a0 = (double *) root[0]; double* a1 = (double *) root[1]; double* a2 = (double *) root[2]; double* a3 = (double *) root[3]; double* a4 = (double *) root[4]; double* a5 = (double *) root[5]; double* a6 = (double *) root[6]; double* a7 = (double *) root[7]; double* a8 = (double *) root[8]; double* a9 = (double *) root[9]; double* a10 = (double *) root[10]; double* a11 = (double *) root[11]; double* a12 = (double *) root[12]; double* a13 = (double *) root[13]; double* a14 = (double *) root[14]; double* a15 = (double *) root[15]; for (int64 j = 0; j < refs_per_chain; j += stride * refs_per_line) { t += a0[j] + a1[j] + a2[j] + a3[j] + a4[j] + a5[j] + a6[j] + a7[j] + a8[j] + a9[j] + a10[j] + a11[j] + a12[j] + a13[j] + a14[j] + a15[j]; } sum_chk(t); } break; } */ }