From 79eb1dc8436e55c11936d923512b4c480a90fe85 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Daniel Friesel <derf@finalrewind.org>
Date: Thu, 21 Jan 2021 21:15:07 +0100
Subject: Initial Commit

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+**zlib-deflate-nostdlib** provides a zlib decompressor (RFC 1950) and deflate
+reader (RFC 1951) suitable for 8- and 16-bit microcontrollers. It works
+fine on MCUs as small as ATMega328P (used, for example, in the Arduino Nano)
+and MSP430FR5994. It is compatible with both C (tested with c99) and C++
+(tested with c++14). Apart from type definitions for (u)int8\_t, (u)int16\_t,
+and (u)int32\_t, which are typically provided by stdint.h, it has no external
+dependencies.
+
+zlib-deflate-nostdlib is focused on a low memory footprint. It is not optimized
+for speed. Right now, the implementation is naive, but usable. See below for
+the current status and TODOs. Be aware that this library has not been
+extensively tested yet.
+
+## Usage
+
+Embed `deflate.c` and `deflate.h` into your project. You can rename `deflate.c`
+to `deflate.cc` and/or compile it with g++ instead of gcc, if you like. Use
+`deflate_zlib(input, input_len, output, output_len)` to decompress zlib data,
+and `deflate(input, input_len, output, output_len)` to decompress deflate data
+without zlib header.
+
+input and output must be `unsigned char *`, input\_len and output\_len are
+expected to be unsigned 16-bit integers. Both functions return the number of
+bytes written to `output`, or a negative value on error.
+
+Example for zlib decompression (RFC 1950):
+
+```
+#include "deflate.h"
+
+unsigned char deflate_input[] = { /* some compressed data, e.g.: */
+    120, 156, 243, 72, 205, 201, 201, 215, 81, 8, 207, 47, 202, 73, 177, 87,
+    240, 64, 226, 41, 2, 0, 128, 125, 9, 17
+};
+
+unsigned char deflate_output[128];
+
+// within some function
+{
+    int16_t out_bytes = deflate_zlib(deflate_input, sizeof(deflate_input),
+                                     deflate_output, sizeof(deflate_output));
+    if (out_bytes < 0) {
+        // error
+    } else {
+        // success. deflate_output contains "Hello, World? Hello, World!"
+        // out_bytes contains the number of bytes written to deflate_output
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+Decompressing deflate (RFC 1951) data works as follows:
+
+```
+#include "deflate.h"
+
+unsigned char deflate_input[] = { /* some compressed data, e.g.: */
+    243, 72, 205, 201, 201, 215, 81, 8, 207, 47, 202, 73, 177, 87,
+    240, 64, 226, 41, 2, 0
+};
+
+unsigned char deflate_output[128];
+
+// within some function
+{
+    int16_t out_bytes = deflate(deflate_input, sizeof(deflate_input),
+                                deflate_output, sizeof(deflate_output));
+    if (out_bytes < 0) {
+        // error
+    } else {
+        // success. deflate_output contains "Hello, World? Hello, World!"
+        // out_bytes contains the number of bytes written to deflate_output
+    }
+}
+
+```
+
+## Compilation flags
+
+Compile with `-DDEFLATE_CHECKSUM` to enable verification of the zlib ADLER32
+checksum in `deflate_zlib`.
+
+## Compliance
+
+The code *almost* complies with RFC 1950 (decompression only), with the
+following exceptions.
+
+* Unless compiled with `-DDEFLATE_CHECKSUM`, zlib-deflate-nostdlib does not
+  verify the ADLER32 checksum embedded into zlib-compressed data.
+
+The code *almost* complies with RFC 1951, with the following exceptions.
+
+* zlib-deflate-nostdlib assumes that Huffman codes are limited to a length
+  of 12 bits and that there are no more than 255 codes per length. This appears
+  to be a reasonable assumption for embedded devices, whose decompression
+  abilities are limited by the amount of RAM anyways. I have not yet determined
+  whether longer Huffman codes can appear in practice or not, and if so, under
+  which conditions.
+* zlib-deflate-nostdlib does not yet support compressed items consisting of
+  more than one deflate block. I intend to fix this.
+
+## Requirements
+
+RAM usage excludes the space needed for input and output buffer. Numbers
+rounded up to the next multiple of 64B for ROM and 16B for RAM to account
+for variations in compiler optimizations.
+
+| Architecture | ROM | RAM
+| :--- | ---: | ---: |
+| 8-bit ATMega328P | 1584 B | 624 B |
+| 16-bit MSP430FR5994 | 2304 B | 432 B |
+| 20-bit MSP430FR5994 | 2608 B | 432 B |
+| 32-bit STM32F446RE (ARM Cortex M3) | 1744 B | 432 B |
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