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|
package Travel::Status::DE::IRIS;
use strict;
use warnings;
use 5.014;
no if $] >= 5.018, warnings => 'experimental::smartmatch';
our $VERSION = '1.61';
use Carp qw(confess cluck);
use DateTime;
use DateTime::Format::Strptime;
use List::Util qw(first);
use List::MoreUtils qw(uniq);
use List::UtilsBy qw(uniq_by);
use LWP::UserAgent;
use Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Result;
use XML::LibXML;
sub try_load_xml {
my ($xml) = @_;
my $tree;
eval { $tree = XML::LibXML->load_xml( string => $xml ) };
if ($@) {
return ( undef, $@ );
}
return ( $tree, undef );
}
sub new {
my ( $class, %opt ) = @_;
if ( not $opt{station} ) {
confess('station flag must be passed');
}
my $self = {
datetime => $opt{datetime}
// DateTime->now( time_zone => 'Europe/Berlin' ),
developer_mode => $opt{developer_mode},
iris_base => $opt{iris_base}
// 'https://iris.noncd.db.de/iris-tts/timetable',
keep_transfers => $opt{keep_transfers},
lookahead => $opt{lookahead} // ( 2 * 60 ),
lookbehind => $opt{lookbehind} // ( 0 * 60 ),
main_cache => $opt{main_cache},
rt_cache => $opt{realtime_cache},
serializable => $opt{serializable},
user_agent => $opt{user_agent},
with_related => $opt{with_related},
departure_by_id => {},
strptime_obj => $opt{strptime_obj} // DateTime::Format::Strptime->new(
pattern => '%y%m%d%H%M',
time_zone => 'Europe/Berlin',
),
xp_ar => XML::LibXML::XPathExpression->new('./ar'),
xp_dp => XML::LibXML::XPathExpression->new('./dp'),
xp_tl => XML::LibXML::XPathExpression->new('./tl'),
};
bless( $self, $class );
if ( not $self->{user_agent} ) {
my %lwp_options = %{ $opt{lwp_options} // { timeout => 10 } };
$self->{user_agent} = LWP::UserAgent->new(%lwp_options);
$self->{user_agent}->env_proxy;
}
my ( $station, @related_stations ) = $self->get_station(
name => $opt{station},
root => 1,
recursive => $opt{with_related},
);
$self->{station} = $station;
$self->{related_stations} = \@related_stations;
for my $ref (@related_stations) {
# We (the parent) perform transfer processing, so child requests must not
# do it themselves. Otherwise, trains from child requests will be
# processed twice and may be lost.
# Similarly, child requests must not perform requests to related
# stations -- we're already doing that right now.
my $ref_status = Travel::Status::DE::IRIS->new(
datetime => $self->{datetime},
developer_mode => $self->{developer_mode},
keep_transfers => $self->{keep_transfers},
lookahead => $self->{lookahead},
lookbehind => $self->{lookbehind},
station => $ref->{uic},
main_cache => $self->{main_cache},
realtime_cache => $self->{rt_cache},
strptime_obj => $self->{strptime_obj},
user_agent => $self->{user_agent},
keep_transfers => 1,
with_related => 0,
);
if ( not $ref_status->errstr ) {
push( @{ $self->{results} }, $ref_status->results );
}
}
if ( $self->{errstr} ) {
return $self;
}
my $lookahead_steps = int( $self->{lookahead} / 60 );
if ( ( 60 - $self->{datetime}->minute ) < ( $self->{lookahead} % 60 ) ) {
$lookahead_steps++;
}
my $lookbehind_steps = int( $self->{lookbehind} / 60 );
if ( $self->{datetime}->minute < ( $self->{lookbehind} % 60 ) ) {
$lookbehind_steps++;
}
my $dt_req = $self->{datetime}->clone;
$self->get_timetable( $self->{station}{uic}, $dt_req );
for ( 1 .. $lookahead_steps ) {
$dt_req->add( hours => 1 );
$self->get_timetable( $self->{station}{uic}, $dt_req );
}
$dt_req = $self->{datetime}->clone;
for ( 1 .. $lookbehind_steps ) {
$dt_req->subtract( hours => 1 );
$self->get_timetable( $self->{station}{uic}, $dt_req );
}
$self->get_realtime;
if ( not $self->{keep_transfers} ) {
# tra (transfer?) indicates a train changing its ID, so there are two
# results for the same train. Remove the departure-only trains from the
# result set and merge them with their arrival-only counterpart.
# This way, in case the arrival is available but the departure isn't,
# nothing gets lost.
my @merge_candidates
= grep { $_->transfer and $_->departure } @{ $self->{results} };
@{ $self->{results} }
= grep { not( $_->transfer and $_->departure ) }
@{ $self->{results} };
for my $transfer (@merge_candidates) {
my $result
= first { $_->transfer and $_->transfer eq $transfer->train_id }
@{ $self->{results} };
if ($result) {
$result->merge_with_departure($transfer);
}
}
}
@{ $self->{results} } = grep {
my $d = $_->departure // $_->arrival;
my $s = $_->sched_arrival // $_->sched_departure // $_->arrival // $d;
$d = $d->subtract_datetime( $self->{datetime} );
$s = $s->subtract_datetime( $self->{datetime} );
not $d->is_negative and $s->in_units('minutes') < $self->{lookahead}
} @{ $self->{results} };
@{ $self->{results} }
= sort { $a->{epoch} <=> $b->{epoch} } @{ $self->{results} };
# wings (different departures which are coupled as one train) contain
# references to each other. therefore, they must be processed last.
$self->create_wing_refs;
# same goes for replacement refs (the <ref> tag in the fchg document)
$self->create_replacement_refs;
return $self;
}
sub get_with_cache {
my ( $self, $cache, $url ) = @_;
if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) {
say "GET $url";
}
if ($cache) {
my $content = $cache->thaw($url);
if ($content) {
if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) {
say ' cache hit';
}
return ( ${$content}, undef );
}
}
if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) {
say ' cache miss';
}
my $ua = $self->{user_agent};
my $res = $ua->get($url);
if ( $res->is_error ) {
return ( undef, $res->status_line );
}
my $content = $res->decoded_content;
if ($cache) {
$cache->freeze( $url, \$content );
}
return ( $content, undef );
}
sub get_station {
my ( $self, %opt ) = @_;
my $iter_depth = 0;
my @ret;
my @queue = ( $opt{name} );
# @seen holds station IDs which were already seen during recursive
# 'meta' descent. This avoids infinite loops of 'meta' references.
# As Norddeich and Norddeich Mole are illegaly coupled in the backend
# (they are different stations with different departure times), we pre-seed
# @seen with their eva IDs.
my @seen = ( 8007768, 8004449 );
while ( @queue and $iter_depth < 12 ) {
my $station = shift(@queue);
push( @seen, $station );
$iter_depth++;
my ( $raw, $err )
= $self->get_with_cache( $self->{main_cache},
$self->{iris_base} . '/station/' . $station );
if ($err) {
if ( $opt{root} ) {
$self->{errstr} = "Failed to fetch station data: $err";
return;
}
else {
$self->{warnstr}
= "Failed to fetch station data for '$station': $err\n";
next;
}
}
my ( $xml_st, $xml_err ) = try_load_xml($raw);
if ($xml_err) {
$self->{errstr} = 'Failed to parse station data: Invalid XML';
return;
}
my $station_node = ( $xml_st->findnodes('//station') )[0];
if ( not $station_node ) {
if ( $opt{root} ) {
$self->{errstr}
= "Station '$station' has no associated timetable";
return;
}
else {
$self->{warnstr}
= "Station '$station' has no associated timetable";
next;
}
next;
}
push( @seen, $station_node->getAttribute('eva') );
if ( $station_node->getAttribute('name') =~ m{ ZOB} ) {
# There are no departures from a ZOB ("Zentraler Omnibus-Bahnhof" /
# Central Omnibus Station). Ignore it entirely.
next;
}
if ( $station_node->getAttribute('ds100') =~ m{ ^ D \d+ $ }x ) {
# This is an invalid DS100 code, at least from DB perspective.
# So far it seems to refer to subway stations which do not have
# IRIS departures.
next;
}
push(
@ret,
{
uic => $station_node->getAttribute('eva'),
name => $station_node->getAttribute('name'),
ds100 => $station_node->getAttribute('ds100'),
}
);
if ( $self->{developer_mode} ) {
printf( " -> %s (%s / %s)\n", @{ $ret[-1] }{qw{name uic ds100}} );
}
if ( $opt{recursive} and defined $station_node->getAttribute('meta') ) {
my @refs
= uniq( split( m{ \| }x, $station_node->getAttribute('meta') ) );
@refs = grep { not( $_ ~~ \@seen or $_ ~~ \@queue ) } @refs;
push( @queue, @refs );
$opt{root} = 0;
}
}
if (@queue) {
cluck( "Reached $iter_depth iterations when tracking station IDs. "
. "This is probably a bug" );
}
@ret = uniq_by { $_->{uic} } @ret;
return @ret;
}
sub add_result {
my ( $self, $station_name, $station_uic, $s ) = @_;
my $id = $s->getAttribute('id');
my $e_tl = ( $s->findnodes( $self->{xp_tl} ) )[0];
my $e_ar = ( $s->findnodes( $self->{xp_ar} ) )[0];
my $e_dp = ( $s->findnodes( $self->{xp_dp} ) )[0];
if ( not $e_tl ) {
return;
}
my %data = (
raw_id => $id,
classes => $e_tl->getAttribute('f'), # D N S F
operator => $e_tl->getAttribute('o'), # coded operator: 03/80/R2/...
train_no => $e_tl->getAttribute('n'), # dep number
type => $e_tl->getAttribute('c'), # S/ICE/ERB/...
station => $station_name,
station_uic => $station_uic + 0, # UIC IDs are numbers
strptime_obj => $self->{strptime_obj},
#unknown_t => $e_tl->getAttribute('t'), # p
);
if ($e_ar) {
$data{arrival_ts} = $e_ar->getAttribute('pt');
$data{line_no} = $e_ar->getAttribute('l');
$data{platform} = $e_ar->getAttribute('pp'); # string, not number!
$data{route_pre} = $e_ar->getAttribute('ppth');
$data{route_start} = $e_ar->getAttribute('pde');
$data{transfer} = $e_ar->getAttribute('tra');
$data{arrival_wing_ids} = $e_ar->getAttribute('wings');
#$data{unk_ar_hi} = $e_ar->getAttribute('hi');
}
if ($e_dp) {
$data{departure_ts} = $e_dp->getAttribute('pt');
$data{line_no} = $e_dp->getAttribute('l');
$data{platform} = $e_dp->getAttribute('pp'); # string, not number!
$data{route_post} = $e_dp->getAttribute('ppth');
$data{route_end} = $e_dp->getAttribute('pde');
$data{transfer} = $e_dp->getAttribute('tra');
$data{departure_wing_ids} = $e_dp->getAttribute('wings');
#$data{unk_dp_hi} = $e_dp->getAttribute('hi');
}
if ( $data{arrival_wing_ids} ) {
$data{arrival_wing_ids} = [ split( /\|/, $data{arrival_wing_ids} ) ];
}
if ( $data{departure_wing_ids} ) {
$data{departure_wing_ids}
= [ split( /\|/, $data{departure_wing_ids} ) ];
}
my $result = Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Result->new(%data);
# if scheduled departure and current departure are not within the
# same hour, trains are reported twice. Don't add duplicates in
# that case.
if ( not $self->{departure_by_id}{$id} ) {
push( @{ $self->{results} }, $result, );
$self->{departure_by_id}{$id} = $result;
}
return $result;
}
sub get_timetable {
my ( $self, $eva, $dt ) = @_;
my ( $raw, $err )
= $self->get_with_cache( $self->{main_cache},
$dt->strftime( $self->{iris_base} . "/plan/${eva}/%y%m%d/%H" ) );
if ($err) {
$self->{warnstr} = "Failed to fetch a schedule part: $err";
return $self;
}
my ( $xml, $xml_err ) = try_load_xml($raw);
if ($xml_err) {
$self->{warnstr} = 'Failed to parse a schedule part: Invalid XML';
return $self;
}
my $station = ( $xml->findnodes('/timetable') )[0]->getAttribute('station');
for my $s ( $xml->findnodes('/timetable/s') ) {
$self->add_result( $station, $eva, $s );
}
return $self;
}
sub get_realtime {
my ($self) = @_;
my $eva = $self->{station}{uic};
my ( $raw, $err )
= $self->get_with_cache( $self->{rt_cache},
$self->{iris_base} . "/fchg/${eva}" );
if ($err) {
$self->{warnstr} = "Failed to fetch realtime data: $err";
return $self;
}
my ( $xml, $xml_err ) = try_load_xml($raw);
if ($xml_err) {
$self->{warnstr} = 'Failed to parse realtime data: Invalid XML';
return $self;
}
my $station = ( $xml->findnodes('/timetable') )[0]->getAttribute('station');
for my $s ( $xml->findnodes('/timetable/s') ) {
my $id = $s->getAttribute('id');
my $e_ar = ( $s->findnodes( $self->{xp_ar} ) )[0];
my $e_dp = ( $s->findnodes( $self->{xp_dp} ) )[0];
my @e_refs = $s->findnodes('./ref/tl');
my @e_ms = $s->findnodes('.//m');
my %messages;
my $result = $self->{departure_by_id}{$id};
# add_result will return nothing if no ./tl node is present. The ./tl
# check here is for optimization purposes.
if ( not $result and ( $s->findnodes( $self->{xp_tl} ) )[0] ) {
$result = $self->add_result( $station, $eva, $s );
if ($result) {
$result->set_unscheduled(1);
}
}
if ( not $result ) {
next;
}
if ( not $self->{serializable} ) {
$result->set_realtime($s);
}
for my $e_m (@e_ms) {
my $type = $e_m->getAttribute('t');
my $value = $e_m->getAttribute('c');
my $msgid = $e_m->getAttribute('id');
my $ts = $e_m->getAttribute('ts');
# 0 and 1 (with key "f") are related to canceled trains and
# do not appear to hold information (or at least none we can access).
# All observed cases of message ID 900 were related to bus
# connections ("Anschlussbus wartet"). We can't access which bus
# it refers to, so we don't show that either.
# ID 1000 is a generic free text message, which (as we lack access
# to the text itself) is not helpful either.
if ( defined $value and $value > 1 and $value < 100 ) {
$messages{$msgid} = [ $ts, $type, $value ];
}
}
$result->set_messages(%messages);
# note: A departure may also have a ./tl attribute. However, we do
# not need to process it because it only matters for departures which
# are not planned (or not in the plans we requested). However, in
# those cases we already called add_result earlier, which reads ./tl
# by itself.
for my $e_ref (@e_refs) {
$result->add_raw_ref(
class => $e_ref->getAttribute('f'), # D N S F
train_no => $e_ref->getAttribute('n'), # dep number
type => $e_ref->getAttribute('c'), # S/ICE/ERB/...
line_no => $e_ref->getAttribute('l'), # 1 -> S1, ...
#unknown_t => $e_ref->getAttribute('t'), # p
#unknown_o => $e_ref->getAttribute('o'), # owner: 03/80/R2/...
# TODO ps='a' -> rerouted and normally unscheduled train?
);
}
if ($e_ar) {
$result->set_ar(
arrival_ts => $e_ar->getAttribute('ct'),
plan_arrival_ts => $e_ar->getAttribute('pt'),
platform => $e_ar->getAttribute('cp'),
route_pre => $e_ar->getAttribute('cpth'),
sched_route_pre => $e_ar->getAttribute('ppth'),
status => $e_ar->getAttribute('cs'),
status_since => $e_ar->getAttribute('clt'),
# TODO ps='a' -> rerouted and normally unscheduled train?
);
}
if ($e_dp) {
$result->set_dp(
departure_ts => $e_dp->getAttribute('ct'),
plan_departure_ts => $e_dp->getAttribute('pt'),
platform => $e_dp->getAttribute('cp'),
route_post => $e_dp->getAttribute('cpth'),
sched_route_post => $e_dp->getAttribute('ppth'),
status => $e_dp->getAttribute('cs'),
);
}
}
return $self;
}
sub get_result_by_id {
my ( $self, $id ) = @_;
my $res = first { $_->wing_id eq $id } @{ $self->{results} };
return $res;
}
sub get_result_by_train {
my ( $self, $type, $train_no ) = @_;
my $res = first { $_->type eq $type and $_->train_no eq $train_no }
@{ $self->{results} };
return $res;
}
sub create_wing_refs {
my ($self) = @_;
for my $r ( $self->results ) {
if ( $r->{departure_wing_ids} ) {
for my $wing_id ( @{ $r->{departure_wing_ids} } ) {
my $wingref = $self->get_result_by_id($wing_id);
if ($wingref) {
$r->add_departure_wingref($wingref);
}
}
}
if ( $r->{arrival_wing_ids} ) {
for my $wing_id ( @{ $r->{arrival_wing_ids} } ) {
my $wingref = $self->get_result_by_id($wing_id);
if ($wingref) {
$r->add_arrival_wingref($wingref);
}
}
}
}
}
sub create_replacement_refs {
my ($self) = @_;
for my $r ( $self->results ) {
for my $ref_hash ( @{ $r->{refs} // [] } ) {
my $ref = $self->get_result_by_train( $ref_hash->{type},
$ref_hash->{train_no} );
if ($ref) {
$r->add_reference($ref);
}
}
}
}
sub station {
my ($self) = @_;
return $self->{station};
}
sub related_stations {
my ($self) = @_;
return @{ $self->{related_stations} };
}
sub errstr {
my ($self) = @_;
return $self->{errstr};
}
sub results {
my ($self) = @_;
return @{ $self->{results} // [] };
}
sub warnstr {
my ($self) = @_;
return $self->{warnstr};
}
1;
__END__
=head1 NAME
Travel::Status::DE::IRIS - Interface to IRIS based web departure monitors.
=head1 SYNOPSIS
use Travel::Status::DE::IRIS;
use Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Stations;
# Get station code for "Essen Hbf" (-> "EE")
my $station = (Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Stations::get_station_by_name(
'Essen Hbf'))[0][0];
my $status = Travel::Status::DE::IRIS->new(station => $station);
for my $r ($status->results) {
printf(
"%s %s +%-3d %10s -> %s\n",
$r->date, $r->time, $r->delay || 0, $r->line, $r->destination
);
}
=head1 VERSION
version 1.61
=head1 DESCRIPTION
Travel::Status::DE::IRIS is an unofficial interface to IRIS based web
departure monitors such as
L<https://iris.noncd.db.de/wbt/js/index.html?typ=ab&style=qrab&bhf=EE&SecLang=&Zeilen=20&footer=0&disrupt=0>.
=head1 METHODS
=over
=item my $status = Travel::Status::DE::IRIS->new(I<%opt>)
Requests schedule and realtime data for a specific station at a specific
point in time. Returns a new Travel::Status::DE::IRIS object.
Arguments:
=over
=item B<datetime> => I<datetime-obj>
A DateTime(3pm) object specifying the point in time. Optional, defaults to the
current date and time.
=item B<iris_base> => I<url>
IRIS base url, defaults to C<< http://iris.noncd.db.de/iris-tts/timetable >>.
=item B<keep_transfers> => I<bool>
A train may change its ID and number at a station, indicating that although the
previous logical train ends here, the physical train will continue its journey
under a new number to a new destination. A notable example is the Berlin
Ringbahn, which travels round and round from Berlin SE<uuml>dkreuz to Berlin
SE<uuml>dkreuz. Each train number corresponds to a single revolution, but the
actual trains just keep going.
The IRIS backend returns two results for each transfer train: An arrival-only
result using the old ID (linked to the new one) and a departure-only result
using the new ID (linked to the old one). By default, this library merges these
into a single result with both arrival and departure time. Train number, ID,
and route are taken from the departure only. The original train ID and number
are available using the B<old_train_id> and B<old_train_no> accessors.
In case this is not desirable (e.g. because you intend to track a single
train to its destination station and do not want to implement special cases
for transfer trains), set B<keep_transfers> to a true value. In this case,
backend data will be reported as-is and transfer trains will not be merged.
=item B<lookahead> => I<int>
Compute only results which are scheduled less than I<int> minutes in the
future.
Default: 120 (2 hours).
Note that the DeutscheBahn IRIS backend only provides schedules up to four to
five hours into the future. So in most cases, setting this to a value above 240
minutes will have little effect. However, as the IRIS occasionally contains
unscheduled departures or qos messages known far in advance (e.g. 12 hours from
now), any non-negative integer is accepted.
=item B<lookbehind> => I<int>
Also check trains whose scheduled departure lies up to I<int> minutes in the
past. Default: 0.
This is useful when requesting departures shortly after a full hour. If,
for example, a train was scheduled to depart on 11:59 and has 5 minutes delay,
it will not be shown when requesting departures on or after 12:00 unless
B<lookbehind> is set to a value greater than zero.
Note that trains with significant delay (e.g. +30) may still be shown in this
case regardless of the setting of B<lookbehind>, since these receive special
treatment by the IRIS backend.
=item B<lwp_options> => I<\%hashref>
Passed on to C<< LWP::UserAgent->new >>. Defaults to C<< { timeout => 10 } >>,
you can use an empty hashref to unset the default.
=item B<main_cache> => I<$ojj>
A Cache::File(3pm) object used to cache station and timetable requests. Optional.
=item B<realtime_cache> => I<$ojj>
A Cache::File(3pm) object used to cache realtime data requests. Optional.
=item B<station> => I<stationcode>
Mandatory: Which station to return departures for. Note that this is not a
station name, but a station code, such as "EE" (for Essen Hbf) or "KA"
(for Aachen Hbf). See Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Stations(3pm) for a
name to code mapping.
=item B<with_related> => I<bool>
Sometimes, Deutsche Bahn splits up major stations in the IRIS interface. For
instance, "KE<ouml>ln Messe/Deutz" actually consists of "KE<ouml>ln
Messe/Deutz" (KKDZ), "KE<ouml>ln Messe/Deutz Gl. 9-10" (KKDZB) and "KE<ouml>ln
Messe/Deutz (tief)" (KKDT).
By default, Travel::Status::DE::IRIS only returns departures for the specified
station. When this option is set to a true value, it will also return
departures for all related stations.
=back
=item $status->errstr
In case of a fatal HTTP request or IRIS error, returns a string describing it.
Returns undef otherwise.
=item $status->related_stations
Returns a list of hashes describing related stations whose
arrivals/departures are included in B<results>. Only useful when setting
B<with_related> to a true value, see its documentation above for details.
Each hash contains the keys B<uic> (EVA number; often same as UIC station ID),
B<name> (station name), and B<ds100> (station code). Note that stations
returned by B<related_stations> are not necessarily known to
Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Stations(3pm).
=item $status->results
Returns a list of Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Result(3pm) objects, each one describing
one arrival and/or departure.
=item $status->warnstr
In case of a (probably) non-fatal HTTP request or IRIS error, returns a string
describing it. Returns undef otherwise.
=back
=head1 DIAGNOSTICS
None.
=head1 DEPENDENCIES
=over
=item * DateTime(3pm)
=item * List::Util(3pm)
=item * LWP::UserAgent(3pm)
=item * XML::LibXML(3pm)
=back
=head1 BUGS AND LIMITATIONS
Some backend features are not yet exposed.
=head1 SEE ALSO
db-iris(1), Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Result(3pm),
Travel::Status::DE::IRIS::Stations(3pm)
=head1 REPOSITORY
L<https://github.com/derf/Travel-Status-DE-IRIS>
=head1 AUTHOR
Copyright (C) 2013-2020 by Daniel Friesel E<lt>derf@finalrewind.orgE<gt>
=head1 LICENSE
This module is licensed under the same terms as Perl itself.
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